Social Cognitive Development Psychology †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk About The Social And Cognitive Development Psychology Press? Answer: Introducation The point of the paper is to investigate the human advancement stages. These stages incorporate pre-birth advancement, outset, youth (early and center), immature, grown-up (ahead of schedule, center, and late) and mature age (demise and kicking the bucket). Understanding this stages is significant as it goes with age related changes. Each stage is related with one of a kind ability that empowers an individual to flourish, endure and become developed. These progressions happen past the brain research domain and are important to create subjective and social ability (Feldman, 2016). The exposition talks about the psychological and social improvement of kids and factors impacting this turn of events. Different mind related viewpoints mark subjective advancement which incorporates data handling, perceptual abilities, data preparing, language learning. These are significant for expanding the childs prosperity since youth. It will help accomplish full metal limits (Bjorklund Causey, 2017). Jean Piaget hypothesis clarifies four phases of psychological turn of events. As per his hypothesis, the principal stage called sensorimotor stage is for 0-2 years of age youngsters. In this stage a youngster reacts to the tangible information (hearing, smell, contact) and learns the body developments. In the subsequent stage called pre-operational stage is for offspring of 2-5 years. In this stage a childs thinking stay egocentric be that as it may, gains capacity to consider questions emblematically. They show insight by building basic sentences. The third stage is known as the solid operational stage for 7-11 years of age kids, is set apart by consistent reasoning. They show reversible mental a ctivities and of deliberate control of images. The last stage from 11 years onwards is set apart by increment in the ability of youngsters to snatch unique ideas, for example, bliss, love or distress (Modgil et al., 2013). In the given contextual investigation, Jack has a place with pre-operational stage as he is 3 years of age. Social improvement in early life happens by building up the passionate and abilities and proceeds over the life expectancy. This advancement focuses on youngster and immature stages. This advancement is fundamental for a person to build up a constructive relationship with society. Eriksons hypothesis of social improvement includes eight phases that begins during childbirth and proceeds till 18 years (Serafica, 2015). Every one of the stage is related with a mental emergency looked by the kid that at last assists with getting socially skilled. A kid may battle with trust versus question during earliest stages until year and a half and independence versus Disgrace during year and a half to 3 years age. At the age of 3-5 years a kid may encounter activity versus Blame, at 5-13 years, industry versus Inadequacy and between 13-21 years youngsters may manage personality versus job disarray. Different sages indentified by Erikson are 21-39 years alludes to closeness versus disconnection, 40 -65 years generativity versus stagnation and in conclusion 65, and more seasoned, which alludes to emergency of Ego uprightness versus despair (McAdams Zapata-Gietl, 2015). For the situation study given, Jack has a place with the second phase of social turn of events and may encounter the mental emergency of independence versus Disgrace. This stage is set apart by learning new ideas and acting autonomously. They may will in general eat or dress themselves without outside help. Depending on others for this exercises may make sentiment of disgrace in youngsters as they have to apply these abilities, in actuality (Overton, 2013). Jack is 3 years of age and the regularizing intellectual turns of events, expected at this age are quick learning and articulation of their inclinations in specific exercises. For example, a youngster can get new words like mother and daddy and structure new straightforward sentence upto 500 words. This is the main indication of reasoning turn of events. Youngsters can perceive themselves in reflect at this age (Bjorklund Causey, 2017). Jack shows non-regularizing improvement as his discourse is postponed. He can just chatter at this age. The regulating social advancement expected at this age incorporates performing every day exercises of dressing, latrine preparing and eating freely. They may communicate enthusiasm for games and comprehend feelings like sharing of toys. Poor latrine preparing in Jack is the indication of non-regularizing advancement (Overton, 2013). A few components decide the social and psychological turn of events. Postponement in this advancement can be because of natural (insight, heriditary) and ecological variables (maternal help and family support, play). Youngsters can learn new ideas in the event that they have solid sense organs to gather satisfactory improvements from condition. Insight help accomplish intellectual improvement to its fullest. Youngsters with low knowledge show postponed psychological turn of events (Brown Lan, 2013). Discourse deferral could be because of the organic factors in Jack. As per double language could be other purpose behind his discourse delay. In the event that the language expressed in day care and the primary language of youngster is unique, it might prompt postponed discourse (Barac et al., 2014). Social and intellectual advancements are additionally constrained by the maternal help and the learning openings in the childs the executives. A kid can secure better perception, by going thr ough additional with guardians and family members. They become progressively expressive of their sentiments and gain social abilities and passionate aptitudes quicker then youngster without parental help. Poor maternal help lead to poor mother-newborn child connection just as stress elaboration in youngsters (Grist Field, 2012). This poor connection can prompt change in disposition because of poor reaction from guardians. Absence of unforeseen child rearing practice neglects to enable a kid to create secure connection. Subsequently, they show less interest, freedom and confidence (Hong Park, 2012). Applying the speculations of Piaget and Erikson, it tends to be presumed that Jacks intellectual and social improvement isn't happening, as it ought to at the given age. It might be credited to the organic elements and natural elements examined previously. Low knowledge or deformity in sense organs might be one reason for discourse delay. Vanessa can allude to language teacher to distinguish the underlying driver. Vanessa being working mother, Jack is going to the day care focus. It is obvious that she can't invest satisfactory energy with her child. Along these lines, there is poor mother-baby connection for this situation. Accordingly, Jack is having poor latrine preparing. She will be unable to give enough learning chances at home. Comparable, the parental figure at care focus may have neglected to set up solid relationship with Jack. Childs social improvement is dictated by the carer-kid relationship at day care and instructor youngster relationship at prekindergarten (Serpell Ma shburn, 2012). Accordingly, these elements may have hampered Jacks disposition and his resolution. These elements predicts the versatile and social improvement in youngsters in any event, when there is no formative deferrals (Green et al., 2014). If there should be an occurrence of Jack both the carers, medical caretakers and Vanessa should together change the learning condition for Jack to improve his psychosocial advancement. Jack needs more play and learning chances to expand interest and independence. Vanessa needs to expand connection and enthusiastic security with Jack to improve his latrine preparing (Beebe Steele, 2013). In this manner, social and psychological formative hypotheses are significant and nursing experts. So as to configuration fitting mediations for kids like Jack, it s important for the medical attendants and maternity specialists to comprehend the formative achievements of youngster. If there should arise an occurrence of Jack the attendant can apply these speculations and ideas to improve Jacks discourse and latrine preparing. Further, the medical attendant can clarify Vanessa about different components that can defer cognizance and social advancement in youngsters. These speculations are helpful to distinguish formative deformities at lord stage and play it safe (Bierman et al., 2014). All in all, understanding human formative stages is basic for nursing experts to care more for youngster and expand the prosperity. The exposition was valuable in creating significant bits of knowledge of psychological and social turn of events and variables that impact this turn of events. Solid maternal help is basic for compelling progress from youth stage to mature age developing ability in each stages included. References Barac, R., Bialystok, E., Castro, D. C., Sanchez, M. (2014). The psychological advancement of youthful double language students: A basic review.Early Childhood Research Quarterly,29(4), 699-714. Beebe, B., Steele, M. (2013). How does microanalysis of motherinfant correspondence advise maternal affectability and baby attachment?.Attachment human development,15(5-6), 583-602. Bierman, K. L., Domitrovich, C. E., Nix, R. L., Welsh, J. A., Gest, S. D. (2014). Incorporating proof based preschool projects to help social-passionate and psychological development.Promoting school availability and early learning: Implications of formative exploration for training, 231-252. Bjorklund, D. F., Causey, K. B. (2017).Children's reasoning: Cognitive business improvement and individual contrasts. SAGE Publications. Earthy colored, C. P., Lan, Y. C. (2013). The impact of formatively fitting practice on childrens psychological turn of events: A subjective metasynthesis.Teachers College Record,115(12), 1-36. Feldman, R. S. (2016).Development over the life expectancy. Pearson. Green, S., Caplan, B., Baker, B. (2014). Maternal steady and meddling control as indicators of versatile and social advancement in youngsters with and without formative delays.Journal of Intellectual Disability Research,58(8), 691-703. Grist, R. M., Field, A. P. (2012). The interceding impact of intellectual advancement on kids' concern elaboration.Journal of conduct treatment and exploratory psychiatry,43(2), 801-807. Hong, Y. R., Park, J.

A Good Man is Hard to Find Essay -- essays papers

A Good Man is Hard to Find I solidly accept that individuals procure what they sew. In the story, â€Å" A Good Man Is Hard to Find,† the fantastic mother is a prime case of this situation. Her terrible ploys and demonstrations of aberrance cause damage to the family all through the story and it winds up returning to her at long last. You can tell that damages is inescapable for the family by a portion of the educates that are discovered the grandmother’s conduct. For instance, in the initial section of the story, she is grumbling unreasonably for the family to travel in East Tennessee rather than Florida. The remainder of the family needs to go to Florida yet she is resolved for them to do as she says. I accept this is an early sign with respect to what sort of individual she is. As they were leaving their home, she snuk a feline in a dark valise into the vehicle. The family didn’t need to show up at a lodging with a feline so they advised her not to bring it. Being the freak individual she will be, she brought it at any rate without them knowing. This would later cause issues down the road for the family later on in the story. For what reason would you accomplish something to that effect when relatives explicitly instructed you not to. The grandma was likewise an annoying individual. She could jump on your absolute last nerve. At the point when her child Bailey was driving not far off, she tenaciously helped him to remember as far as possible. â€Å" as far as possible was fifty-five miles an hour and the watch man hole up behind the boards and little clusters of trees and they ...

Culture Awareness in the Workplace

Culture Awareness in the Workplace With globalization interacting with people from all-over the world has become a factor in the life of more and more people.In the past only a select number of employees would have the task to travel across borders and experience different cultures, behaviors and attitudes.Nowadays more borders are open, travel has become more affordable for businesses and individuals and technological development is allowing everyone to communicate on a global level.Moreover, free mobility of the workforce has made workplaces many times more diverse.While it used to be a science for the ‘enlightened’, today cultural awareness has become a necessity at the workplace.And while Western society aims for equality and openness, it would be silly to neglect to recognize differences in cultures that may bring up misunderstandings, tense or unproductive communication or even legal trouble.This article aims to give a very simple list of factors that tend to be the subject of misconceptions, confusion or ev en conflict.The first part of the article will focus on cultural characteristics you might want to be aware generally in business with your providers, partners or clients. Those might help you communicate better and be perceived as more accepting.The second part of the article will focus on diversity in the workplace and how to be more open towards your colleagues from different background.The third part of the article just aims to give you some practical advice on how to create and preserve cultural awareness.CULTURAL AWARENESS IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESSNegotiationsNegotiations are hard enough on their own. Throw in different background and expectations on both sides and you might have a disaster.Negotiation can happen between customer and provider for pricing, delivery conditions or service level agreements. It could be between international branches for budgets, conditions and policies.It could happen between employees and employers for compensation, social benefits, working hours or opportunities.In some cultures negotiation is a normal way of business. It could be widely accepted that the customer wants to receive the product at the best price, or that the employee wants the most money for their labor. In other countries, it could be straight up offensive. Do research for the power dynamic on the other end â€" will they expect to have the final say? Approach with humbleness and explain yourself. You do not want to come off greedy or disrespectful.In negotiations nuance is very important. If it is not the case that both sides negotiate in their native language, the language barrier could bring up misunderstandings. Misuse of a single word could give one side the wrong impression. Make sure your claim is stripped off of all assumptions based on nuance. Clean your language, too, make sure your speech is plain and straightforward.In Japan, you will face great difficulty if you try to do a hard sell. Try a humble approach, with lots of facts and arguments suppo rting your claims. Let your work be the proof of your words, not the other way around.Respect of powerIn Western Society equality is an important value and therefore hierarchy of power is… annoying.Flaunting your status or your title would be unbearable to lower level employees who like to think they are your equal. In other places respect towards superiors and seniors is vital.Seating arrangements. In the Western world, seating arrangements are rarely done. The number or position of your chair would have little to no significance and even if you happen to take someone’s seat it is usually taken light-heartedly. That is not the case for businesspeople from China and Japan. You have to be seated by rank â€" the highest in rank from your side will sit the closest to the highest in rank from the other side. Failing to respect the seating arrangement will be quite the embarrassing situation.Businessmen from countries such the UK, the USA and most of Europe would go out of their way to eliminate or minimize the sense of inequality. Freedom and justice are highly valued. Employees expect to be consulted for their opinion and for it to be taken into account whenever the situation allows it. Control is highly avoided. Micromanagement is off-putting and suffocating.Nonverbal communicationApart from differences in language for non-natives, you should be aware of differences in non-verbal communication.Eye contact. In the UK and the United States, keeping eye contact is a sign of confidence in your own position, and trusting the other side. It is a sign of openness towards others. Avoiding eye contact would come to signify concealing something, lying, having difficulty in communication, or straight up disliking the other person. On the contrary, in Japan, prolonged eye contact is considered to be very rude.Normally during negotiations businessmen from the United States, Europe and most of the Asian countries would like to keep their distance. Physical contact is avoi ded even for brief moments. In the Middle East, however, some physical contact is part of building trust in a relationship between business partners. A pat on the shoulder, a light touch on the higher arm it is a sign of getting to know each other and having a more personal approach. Flinching away, showing surprise or any sort of disapproval of this gesture will be considered offensive.Openness towards the unknownBusiness in some countries have a tendency to work by very rigid codes of conduct. The strict behavior comes from different levels of being accepting of the unknown.Some want to avoid ambiguities at all costs and therefore they follow order and traditions that could rule out any sort of uncertainties.On the contrary, workers in other countries find having a lot of rules could be suffocating.In the United States the latter is the most prominent behavior. Americans are generally more happy to feel free, and unburdened by rules even if it means they have to change plans or c ope with things on the go.Similarly, the UK are also generally more accepting of new ideas, however, the British don’t mind having rules for this and that.China and Japan are a good example of a country where rules are honored.RestrainBeing punctual. The famous proverb ‘Time is money’ says it all. Time is valued a lot in Western societies. In the United States and Germany, for example being punctual is almost a religious act. In many cases, the organizational structure and the workflow will literally mean a messy schedule equals losses. Well, time is not as important for every nationality. The Spanish, for example, have a reputation of being more laid back in that respect. Arriving late for a meeting, however, might result in a difficult conversation with the average German businessman.The Japanese have important routines in everyday business, which includes, for example, exchanging small gifts on a first meeting. The way the Japanese handle their business cards is curious. A business card is considered to be an extension of the businessman’s identity. The rule is, make sure you give your business card with the side printed on Japanese towards the person, holding it with both your hands. When you receive a card back, never put it in your back pocket or your wallet. Never fold or play with the card. Read it briefly and put it away. It should go in your business card holder. And if you are already seated, it should stay on the table in front of you for the entirety of your meeting.While Asian countries such as China and India tend to score low on the Index of Indulgence vs. Restraint, countries such as the USA, the UK and Sweden score higher. That means they respect personal goals and needs more than discipline and restrain. They tend to be more optimistic and feel more justified when they cater to their personal needs, when they spend more time on their hobbies, when they give in to their impulses.IndividualismJapan is an example of a culture that is al ways oriented towards the group and rarely towards the individual. The Japanese believe acting as a group brings strength and stability. The individual, on the other hand, is vulnerable. This belief manifests itself in differences in business practices for example, giving credit. An individual will never be singled out for an appraisal, unless someone would want to embarrass them. Appreciation is usually shown for the entire team.Americans are often seen as example of ultimate individualism. The States are a popular example of the notion of free-wheeling capitalism. They believe ultimately individualism leads to a higher level of personal responsibility, where no one wants to have their efforts lost in a group and no one group wants to drag the dead weight of a slacker. They believe this culture creates a sense of healthy competition in the business environment and with that comes benefit on a microlevel. Every employee is expected to be able to show proof of their contributions an d talents. And results â€" personal accomplishments. It is supposed to boost personal creativity and ingenuity and, on a larger level, encourage entrepreneurship. CULTURAL AWARENESS IN THE WORKPLACEHolidays traditionsA big and popular crime against cultural awareness is organizing a Christmas party, instead of a Holiday party. There is nothing bad in celebrating Christmas, unless you exclude all other religions. So, make sure you do not sneak in Santa, reindeer and a tree without adding symbolism for other holidays. How to achieve that? The easiest way is to make sure you have diversity in the party committee,Another example of a holiday that is often disrespected is Ramadan. The holiday is supposed to be a cleanse of the soul and body. Muslims are to abstain from eating, drinking, alcohol, any sort of drugs and sex to put a stop to their giving into temptation. For one month during the early summer, be respectful of this tradition. Do not organize luncheons or invite your Muslim c olleagues to lavish events they cannot attend to.Some countries are more accepting of immigrant holidays than other. However, try not to get too excited for someone else’s holiday. You can have an appreciation for their culture, but don’t steal their thunder.When in doubt, ask. People will not expect you to know all of their traditions, beliefs and honored rituals. Feel free to express some healthy curiosity and go as far as they want to take you. Do not meddle in their business more than you have to, but show that you embrace them.Dress codeIn the USA and Europe dress code is a way of self-expression. Even in the corporate environment boundaries are being broken in the name of comfort and personal freedom. Millennials by now account for about 30% of the workforce and they drive a movement for a more relaxed, laid back culture. Gender equality is another factor. Commenting on the length of a woman’s skirt could be considered offensive.The Japanese typically tend to be quite co nservative when it comes to dress code. Business suits are key. Neutral colors are used that would blend in a crowd. Women wear plain clothing with minimum jewelry and simple accessories.In the UAE modesty is not just the widely accepted style, it is protected by law. While exceptions are being done for tourists and businessmen and -women, it is considered really disrespectful if a lady’s shoulders and knees are not covered.More often than not, the dress code of an immigrant to a culture should be respected. That is, unless it represents an issue for their personal safety or is an undue hardship for the employer.For example, a lady wearing a hijab could be harmful for her if she works in a factory where she would lean over machines with fast moving parts â€" it becomes a safety issue.Gender-based conductWestern countries strive for gender equality. As a matter of fact, as The Guardian reports: ‘Emotional intelligence, people skills and flexibility, attributes that have tradition ally been seen as more feminine qualities, will be particularly highly valued’ in the future â€" one of the results of a study predicting the values of future leaders. On the contrary, in some countries a man and a woman cannot even shake hands. A woman’s significance will be underestimated even if she is the only decision maker in the room.The first thing to be cautious of is personal space. Most pregnant women do not like being touched or asked too many questions, but the more restrained the culture is, the more that behavior would become unacceptable and offensive. Next comes the attitude towards working. In Mexico for example, a mom would be encouraged to take time off work and attend to her needs for rest, food cravings and to take care of her body â€" take long walks to keep herself healthy. In the States, generally pregnancy is a respected feat, as long as the mother-to-be is not too demanding of help or exceptions. Leaving work to take care of her children would be frown ed upon â€" she would be considered to settle for less.HOW TO CREATE AND PRESERVE CULTURAL AWARENESS IN THE WORKPLACEHigher cultural awareness leads to better productivity, more highly appreciated company culture, attracting and retaining top talent regardless of background, and higher employee job satisfaction.Having a comprehensive, no-nonsense diversity and cultural awareness policy is a must. It will save you money, efforts and, in some cases, even legal trouble.Cultural awareness and cultural diversity policiesDirectionYour policy must have two main branches. Cultural awareness towards customers and partners and cultural awareness towards employees.The first branch would aim to educate your employees for cultural differences so that they atone their communication efforts, expectations and forecasts when dealing with international providers, partners and customers.Coming off as more educated, accepting and respectful will improve relationships, your company’s image and, most i mportantly, results.The second branch would aim for employment diversity in your teams, a culture of support and acceptance. It will include the measures you will take towards the specific diversity of the people you work with and want to work with.Clarity in communicationAdopt a way of speaking in your company that would eliminate the risk of any misunderstandings because of non-native language, non-verbal communications, nuances or assumptions.Teach your employees to use simple language when talking business. However, do not stop at how-to-say-it. Continue with what-to-say.Business communication must be stripped off of all assumptions and ambiguities. For example, every time a task or a project is described or delegated it must contain all possible criteria and only the criteria that will make it a success. The budget, the scope, the time, etc.SensitivityWhen dealing with foreign markets research is key. Make sure you introduce specific requirements and guidelines for how, when an d how long this research should occur for. Provide resources. The minimum is time and money. Introduce follow-up mechanisms to ensure research has taken place.Sensitivity inside the company should be encouraged via trainings, discussions, and organized themed events. Create a diverse team who will be in charge to organize regular trainings and casual events. Make sure you screen new employees for the traits for cultural sensitivity and train new hires.Last but not least, introduce guidelines for best practices on the one hand â€" cooperation between colleagues, participation in events, etc; and on the other â€" red lines that must not be crossed.Self-awarenessDo not stop at educating your employees about the differences you find with other cultures. Tell them what other cultures find peculiar about yours.It is sometimes difficult to discover that actions and traditions you perceive as normal are perceived as strange by others. But it helps the ultimate goal of better understanding a nd more productive communication.FlexibilityEncourage flexibility. Each company has a code of conduct. Assure your employees breaking the code is acceptable if it would make your partners, providers or customers more comfortable in your partnership.For example, you may have the practice to organize informal meetings. Your employees feel more comfortable discussing business matters over dinner instead of in the conference room. There are countries in which that would be unacceptable and offensive. It will be taken as a sign you are not taking them seriously.Teach your employees sensitivity toward unwillingness and the sense of compromise. Ask them to watch out for non-verbal cues when someone is uncomfortable.Give them the power to take out-of-the-box decisions and when it is a good time to break the rules. Work with examples â€" your business history would definitely be the best source to illustrate the possible benefit from such a brave management policy.Diversity Make sure you int roduce rules for diversity â€" strive towards equality of gender, race, ethnicity, and sexual orientation. Your team should look like a representative sample of your community.Your diversity efforts must not and cannot only affect the representation only on lower levels in your organization. Representation must be diverse in management, too.Diversity in representation must be accompanied with equality in compensation. The remuneration best be equal between men and women, between races and ethnicities of employees taking the same position.Achieving a truly diverse workplace is the best way to ensure you work in a culturally rich and aware environment.ReinforcementIf your policies would stand any chance of being taken seriously, you must introduce a form of reinforcement.Your employees must be aware that it is unacceptable to bully, judge or make in any way uncomfortable people who are different.Lay out the consequences. Start simple. Make the measures easy to follow through with. Mak e the penalties proportionate to the crime.Do not stop at negative reinforcement. Introduce mechanisms to encourage cooperation and sensitivity. Bonuses, titles or benefits would do. Make recognition of those efforts a regular occurrence.CONCLUSIONAwareness of cultural differences does not come naturally. What comes naturally is the culture you know from your own family, your own country and the companies where you build your career. That is what you consider normal.Sensitivity must be taught, accepted, and preserved. It requires time, effort and an open mind.Working with people from all over the world, with different backgrounds, religious beliefs, codes of conduct, tradition, rituals and convictions is becoming the new normal.And with that maybe one day cultural awareness will be just common sense.But for now, it is a way to get ahead.

Analysis Of The Movie Bella - 1419 Words

Sarah got Bella s text and went down stairs to let her in for their sleepover. They went up to Sarah s bedroom. So is there any boys you have a crush on Bella? Asked Sarah giggling. Bella nervously responded, well there is this one guy, Nathan, but I could never ask him out. Yeah he s pretty cute. Watch it Haha The girls watch a movie and go to bed. In the morning Bella leaves to go home. Later Bella texts Sarah asking her if she wants to see the outdoor movie at 8 in the park. Sarah agrees but she will have to meet them their. Bella also invites her friend Emma. Bella goes in while Emma is getting candy from the small stand. Bella sees Sarah and Nathan at the snack stand together. Bella wonders how her best friend could betray her like that, with the guy she liked. Bella stormed away from the movie. Bella ran to the bridge over looking the beach where she goes to when she needs to be alone. While Sarah was chasing after her, Bella tripped and fell into the water. Sarah heard Bella hit the water. She started to cry as she sees the rough waves consume Bella. Sarah stays at the cliff for hours mourning over the death of her best friend and can t help but think it s her fault. Bella is pulled under the waves, her vision goes black. She feels something around her waist pulling her upward but her vision is still black. Bella is dragged to shore. She wakes up and starts coughing up bloody water and sand. She sees a figure in the distance coming closerShow MoreRelatedFilm Review Of Twilight 988 Words   |  4 PagesFilm Analysis of Twilight This report is a presentation of an evaluation of the first Twilight film, Twilight, which came out in 2008. This film depicts many family concepts, values, and relationships that were covered in the textbook, Public and Private Families: An Introduction, seventh edition, written by Andrew J. Cherlin. The main purpose of this film analysis is to address the different types of relationships, family values, and family concepts in this film. In this film there are multipleRead MoreThe Stereotypical Gender Ring : Bella Swan s Indifference Vs. Rosalie Hale s Proactivity932 Words   |  4 PagesOctober 5, 2015 Entering the Stereotypical Gender Ring: Bella Swan’s Passivity vs. Rosalie Hale’s Proactivity For my research project I have decided to choose a character from a popular book series, Twilight which was written by Stephenie Meyer. The forbidden love story between a plain human girl and a gorgeous vampire boy sparked the hearts of millions, but the singular character I’m conducting my research on is Rosalie Hale. While Bella Swan, the main character is passive, Rosalie Hale is proactiveRead MoreReview Of The Lady With The Toy Dog 1134 Words   |  5 Pages The thought that a fictitious movie like Twilight is actually affecting women seems almost bizarre. 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Early Childhood Education And Care - 1751 Words

Early childhood education and care is defined as the educational programs and strategies geared towards children from birth to the age of eight, these cover both prior-to-school learning and the early years of primary school (Ailwood, Boyd, Theobald 2016). Early childhood settings are often known to be long day cares, occasional care, family day care, preschools and kindergartens (Early Years Learning Framework 2009 page 8). These environments are safe, caring, welcoming environments that promote learning in a child’s mind by encouraging the use of real life scenarios. Lev Vygotsky observed this in his own daughter, he once said that â€Å"play is defined by the presence of an imaginary situation, where children change the meaning of actions and subjects to give them a new sense† (Colliver and Fleer 2016). In education pedagogy’s today, there are many theories that are involved in the way we teach children every day. Theorists such as Doctor Maria Montessori, Howard Gardner, Erik Ericson and Burrhus Frederic (B.F) Skinner have influenced modern day education and the standard curriculum by introducing and encouraging their theories, theories such as operant conditioning by B.F Skinner, or Howard Gardner’s theory of the multiple intelligences. Each of these play their own roles in every classroom in the form of teaching plans and disciplinary methods. Focusing on the concept of cognitive development and how it relates with play-based learning, research shows that play can beShow MoreRelatedEarly Childhood Education More About Care Than Education Essay1872 Words   |  8 Pages Is early childhood education more about care than education? Is early childhood more about free-play than learning? The late 1980s saw the campaign for quality early childhood education and is now seen as a site for early intervention and for the maximisation of the child’s potential from the earliest possible age (Duhn, 2009). Over the years early childhood has become a foundation for children from birth to 5 years of age making it a quality based learning which will make a life time differenceRead MoreEarly Childhood Care And Education Affect Cognitive Development762 Words   |  4 Pagesdoes early childhood care and education affect cognitive development? An international review of the effects of early interventions for children from different social backgrounds. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 25, 140-165. This article is about the effects of early interventions for children who come from different social backgrounds. Data was taken from various preschool programs in the U.S. and different countries to see if there was indeed a connection between the quality of care and theRead MoreQuality Indicators Relevant to Early Childhood Education and Care Services792 Words   |  4 Pageshealth and safety in early childhood centres to take in to account. 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Literature shows that developed nations are investing enormous resources into their early intervention programs, hence, during the last decade international aid agencies, and some education systems, have promoted the creation and expansion of ECED programs in developing nations too. With the innovations in ECED, there has been conduct ed a large number of researches to form an objective

Observation and Child Free Essays

Date of Observation: 26th January 2012 Time started and finished of observation 09. 40-10. 00 Number of children present: 16 Number of adults present: Two childcare worker two students (Including me the observer) Permission obtained from: Supervisor Description of setting: This observation took place in a pre-school in a village in the midlands. We will write a custom essay sample on Observation and Child or any similar topic only for you Order Now It took place in a morning session in the pre –school class. It caters for two years and six months to school going age. The pre-school is open from 9. 30 am– 12. 30pm Monday to Friday and caters for 18 children. It is one large room all female staff. Immediate context: The observation took place in the large play room. This is a large airy room with plenty of colourful toys. The room can accommodate a total of 18 children and there are 15 present today. Brief description of the child observed: TC is a female 3 year and three month old. TC four years old sister attends the pre-school. TC mother runs the pre-school. TC has brown hair. TC father works full time. TC lives with both parents, TC is sitting at a table for most of this observation playing with a van, digger and a truck. Aim of observation: The aim of this observation is to observe a TC for a period of 20 minutes in order to see TC emotional development in the free flow play of a child 3 years and three months. I would hope over the 20 minutes that the child has emotional develop. My personal aim for this observation is to learn how they are done and improve on my observation skills and to become a better observer. Method: Narrative Media used: Pen and paper Evaluation: The aim of the observation is to observe the physical development of a child that is 3 years and one month. Personal learning: The observation method worked well for the physical development, especial when she was playing at the table. Observation. The narrative method was a good to use to observe the child movements . The narrative method trained me to watch the child and to listen to them to pick up the child physical developments. The narrative method provides a lot of information about the child. I don’t think the pre-school effect the child to develop. Recommendation: observations are important as they can pick up on any difficulties the child may be having no matter how small it could be. I observed the child inside and out and observed in doing her playing stated on my narrative observation. If i was to pick game using blocks so that a child would be able to build them up. This would show a child fine motor skills. This was my first observation to do and it went very well and I am very happy with it. For the next observation I will be more prepared, and I know when the best time is to do an observation. Bibliography: Flood E (2010) child development for students in Ireland. Dublin: Gill Macmillan How to cite Observation and Child, Essays

Stakeholder and Account Management in Event

Question: Describe about the Stakeholder and Account Management in Event. Answer: Introduction In this given assignment, stakeholders analysis and marketing relationship of Wireless festival 2016, will be analysed and discussed. Wireless festival 2016 is a summer party organized at the heart of London for 3 days, which will be presented by Festival Republic, UKs leading festival, an event management company. The most important function of the event management team is to identify its stakeholders and their important on the event (Jones 2014). On the basis of which the most important stakeholders are to be given priority by Festival Republic and a good marketing relationship must be established with them for grand success of the event. Part 1 Part A: Stakeholders Analysis Under this section all the different types of stakeholders will be indentified and grouped. Also the needs, interest and influence will be critically analysed and present in matrix. Identification and grouping of Stakeholders While identifying stakeholders it should be kept in mind that there are two types of stakeholders Internal and external. Internal stakeholders are those who are the partners working in the project whereas external stakeholders is a very diverse group who doesnt participate in the event but have a certain influential level from outside (Andersson, Getz and Mykletun 2014). Each stakeholder has a certain level of influence and interest in the project that may me low, low or high. While identifying shareholders as external or internal, it is required to break them down in four categories which are given below: General public: This comprises of wider community groups who are mainly voters and tax payers. Influential others: These are critical audience such as media and government who requires highest level of commitment. Project specifics: They are key stakeholders who are capable of raising objection locally like local government and landowners Education: These are educational institute comprising of school, colleges and universities. Internal stakeholders comprises of employees, sponsors, spectators, volunteers, suppliers and attendees where as internal stakeholders comprises of host community, essential services, tourist and media organization, government (Larson, Getz and Pastras 2015). Given below are the categorization of stakeholders in to groups and their level of interest and influence Stakeholders Group Level of interest Level of influence Event organiser Primary High High Employees Primary Low Low Sponsors Primary High High Spectators Primary Low High Performers / Artist Primary High High Volunteers Primary Low Low Suppliers Primary Low High Host community Secondary Low Low Essential services Secondary Low High Tourist and media organization Secondary High High Government Secondary High Low Need and interest of each stakeholders group Under this section the impact, influence, interest and need of each stakeholders are discussed with proper classification. Primary Stakeholders Primary stakeholders are those who are directly related to the event and take part in it such as: Event organisers are considered the most important participants of an event. They are responsible for organising, market research, decision making, feasibility study and making it a successful event. They are involved in the event from the very beginning from the planning stage to final outcome (Taylor and Shanka 2015). They come up with the idea of the event and plan how the event is to be organized. From the initial stage to the final day their roles included setting up the event, major factors which are required to be considered for success of the event and the hurdles that may come up while organizing the event. Their level of interest as well as level of influence is very high. Employees are those who are working with the event management teams. An event cant be organised by the event manager only, he needs helps in different sector like administration, financial, operation, vendor handling and many more. For this reason he requires staff or employees who will work under his direction for the fulfilment of his goals and objectives (Eid and El-Gohary 2013). Their level of interest is low as it is not directly related to the success of the event. However, if the event is successful because of the extraordinary performance of any particular employee then he / she will be able to get reorganization from the management and may be rewarded and promotes (Masterman 2014). His influence level is also low as an individual employees cant influence the even drastically. Sponsors are the main financer of the event. They support the event organiser by providing funds to them for organizing the event. Instead of that event organiser is responsible for promoting the activity in which the sponsor is involved in their event. The influence levels of sponsors are very high as certain big sponsors provide funding of the maximum requirement for the event (Bachman et al. 2016). So if any of them back out from funding then the entire event will be at stake. Their level of interest is also very high as the activities they are involved in are being promoted through the event which may turn out to be huge success. Spectators are the audience or viewers who are accountable for making the event a great success. If they like the event and are fully satisfied for the money they has paid then only they will make the event successful. So event manager must organize the event from the view point of spectators. The influence levels of spectators are very high as they are the only one on whom the success of the event depends upon (Presenza and Iocca 2012). However, only one spectator cannot decide the success of the entire event. Liking of an event depends upon the individual choice of a viewer. Performers are those who perform in the event for the audience. Their performance is responsible for the success of the event. If the audiences like their performance then it will also personally benefit them as they will be able to grab more opportunities in future (Wilson et al. 2016). Therefore, their interest level as well as influential level is very high. Volunteers are those who are responsible for managing the event on the day of event. They are liable for managing the audience as well as the guest of the event. They should manage the event properly otherwise it will result in chaos and the event may not be successful. Their influence level is low as below average performance of one volunteer cannot decide the success of entire event (Ahmad et al. 2013). However, if all the volunteers deliberately dont well then it can hamper the event. Their interest level is also low as it is not directly related to the success of the event. Extraordinary good work may give them reorganization and reward which is always not possible. Suppliers are those who supply all the requirements needed for the event like music system, lights, decorating materials, chairs and tables. They level of interest on the success of the event is low as they are only concerned with their payments will has to be made even if the event is not successful (Stadler, Fullagar and Reid 2014). However, if the event if not successful then the event organizer may make their payments lately so they also want the event to be successful for early payment. Their level of influence is very high as if they dont supply at the right time then the entire event can be a disaster. Secondary Stakeholders Secondary stake holders are those who are indirectly related to the event. They influence the event from outside without taking part in it such as: Host community are the local community of the place where the event is being organised. Their level of interest as well as level of influence is low as their impact on the event is not more. Their interest is just limited to those tourists coming to their town and increasing the income of those who are involved in tourism activities (Mykletun 2014). They can only influence the event by joining it as audience and supporting it in their way. Essential services are the medical, police and other emergency services required to be present at the event site in case of any emergency at the time of event. Their level of interest is very low as the betterment is not even related to the success of the event (Getz and Page 2016). However, their level of influence is high because nothing can be predicted and if any emergency occurs during the event then their presence have the highest priority. Tourist and media organization are those who give entire coverage of the event and tourists. The provide transportation facilities to the tourist from airport, railway station and other places. Their interest level in the event is very high as people coming from various countries to attend the event will avail their tourist services for going to the event (Hays, Page and Buhalis 2013). Media has a very influential impact on the event as depending upon their coverage of the event in television and social networking sites the success of the event is dependent (Beech, Kaiser, and Kaspar 2014). They are accountable for showcasing the reaction of the audience at the time of live performance. Government includes authorities of local, state and central level. Their level of interest is very high as if an event is being organized in their country then income will flow in their country from the tourist in many ways (Sharples and Lyons 2013). Their level of influence on the event is low as they can restrict the event up to some extent by introducing some rules and regulation but they will never abort the event as it will be a big loss to them only. Power/ Interest matrix high Keep satisfied Key players Spectator Event organizer Suppliers Performers Essential Service Sponsors Tourist and Media organization Power Least Effort keep informed Volunteers Government Employees Host community low high Interest Figure 1:Power / Interest matrix (Source: Author) From the above figure 1, it can be understood that event organizer, performers, sponsors, tourist, and media organization are the key players of an event and interest level and influential level is very high (Quinn 2013). Whereas government are the stakeholder who should be informed about the developments on a regular basis as nothing can be in the country without the permission of their local and central government authority. Volunteers, employees and host community are those stakeholders on whom least effort is required as volunteers and employees are required to do what their event managers will tell them to do that is both their interest and influential level is low (Andersson, Getz and Mykletun, 2013). Whereas spectators, suppliers and essential services are those, who are required to be kept satisfied as they can influence the event to large extent without much interest in the success of the event. Part B: Relationship marketing Relationship marketing means development of a long-term relation with customers. Its main aim is to preserve its existing customers as attracting new customer is much more expensive. Under this part, the relationship with the stakeholders who have highest interest and influence over the festival republic event is discussed. Two Stakeholder groups with the most influence and interest Two stakeholders identified as most powerful and whose interest level is very high are as follows: Event organizer: These are identified as the most important stakeholders as the involved in the event for the first to last. They are not only responsible for organization it but also promoting it and making it a huge success. They are the one who decide the suppliers, the performers to take part in, the sponsors and the decorators. Triumph of the event depends upon the hard work and effort they put it in. Therefore, Festival Republic should aim at maintaining a good relation with the event organiser as the success of the event is fully depended on them and if they want, they can deliberately harm its success (Van der Wagen and White 2014). Event organizer has personal interest on the event, as they will get more events in future if the event is a success, also sometimes they have contract with the event management company they will take part in the profit sharing ratio of that particular event since the dedication and risk level is too high. Sponsors: They are the financer of the event and no event can be successful without funding. The entire event depends upon the budgeted expenditure to be incurred during the event. As the budgeted expenditure increases, the quality of the event also increases which in turn increases the satisfaction level of the audience. They have huge impact on the event since if they stop the entire funding then the interest of every person involved in the event will be at stake (Mokhtar, Said and Saad 2014). Therefore, Festival Republic should try to maintain a peaceful relation with them so that their event is not hampered. Sponsors are also personally interested in the event as their product or activity is being promoted in the event through which they attract new customer base. Theory on relationship ladder of loyalty The relation ladder of loyalty also known as loyalty ladder shows the loyalty relationship of each customer with the business (Bowen and Chen McCain 2015). This ladder consists of five steps where each step consists of a customer, which is based on his loyalty towards the business. Figure 2: Ladder of customer loyalty From the above figure 2, it can be seen that a ladder is being used to understand the loyalty of every customer, which starts from a lower level of suspects and rises to a higher level up to advocates. Given below is a brief description of each steps of ladder: Suspect: They are the ones who come in the way of promotion of a company. They are the suspects of a company Prospects: If any person is interested in the promotion activities of the company then that person is said to be prospects of the company. They have just started to climb up the ladder and it is the function of the marketing to provide them with a helping hand to climb up the ladder. Customers: They are the person who buys either service or product. They needs to be encouraged so that they again buy from the same company. Clients: They will again come to buy the product or service because there is something they like about the company (LesiĆ¡, RuÃ…Â ¾iĆ¡ and PavloviĆ¡, 2015). Relations management tries to identify the reasons why they come back again, so that it can be planned how to bring them to the top slot. Advocates: They are the persons who promote the business on behalf of the owner. They are so very happy with the product or service they not only buy the product but also tell others to buy. They are the most valuable asset of a company and should be benefited with loyalty rewards, freebies and discount. Marketing Mix Marketing mix is the strategy to meet a certain target in the market. It is also referred as four Ps in marketing which are price, place, promotion and product. Price: It is the amount paid by a customer to buy a product. It also determines the profit making capability of the company. If the price is too high then it may not be affordable by many customers. So the price of the product should be adjusted at a medium level depending upon product specification and quality. Place: It means the area where the product will be made available so that customers can easily avail them. It determines the supply chain and distribution strategy of a company. Promotion: It is the most important factor while determining the marketing mix of a company. Its means the marketing and advertising strategy adopted by the company to promote its product so that it reaches to huge number of people. Product: It has the top most priority in the four Ps since all other P is depended upon the product. It customer doesnt like the product then others things will have no value. Promoting or price of the product will become useless. So company should try to develop a product which will deliver its best value towards its customers. In order to add value and build relationship with event organizer and sponsor, Festival Republic should focus on the above discussed four Ps to make the event a great success (Andersson, Getz and Mykletun 2014). Role of Account Manager An account manager is one who manages the entire sales and relationship with some particular customer. He is not accountable for day to day running of the business. However, he is accountable for maintaining relationship with client whose account is assigned to him. Accounts manager plays a very crucial part of event organization because based on their performance the success of the event is determined (Taylor and Shanka 2015). Their focus towards work and the ability to handle critical customer determines the quality of the event. Responsibility of account manager includes the following: Generating sales of number of accounts to reach the sales target of the company. Managing conflicts with the clients and solving it. Establishment of budget with the client and the company. Identification of new sales opportunities within the existing customers to maintain a client account relationship by cross selling and up selling. Co-ordinating and interacting with sales team and staff members of various departments working for the identical account. Meeting the deadlines for all the accounts he is responsible for. Part 2 In this part various parameters used for measuring the marketing performance is to be discussed and two best methods for measuring the marketing mix is to be analyzed. Tools for measuring success of marketing activity There are various methods for measuring the success of marketing activities which are as follows: Key Performance Indicators (KPI): It is mainly used by a company for evaluating the success factor involved in a particular activity in which it is involved (Christopher, Payne and Ballantyne 2013). Marketing Performance Management: It is generally used by a company to measure its marketing performance and the effectiveness of its management. Return on Marketing Investment (ROMI): this parameter is used to compute the return of the company from its investment in marketing (Strauss 2016). Accountable Marketing: it is based on maintaining the accounts of a particular client. It focuses on building good relationship with clients. Marketing performance Measurement: This is the method of evaluating the performance of marketing based on various parameters to understand the success of marketing. Marketing Return on Investment (ROI): It is the method of determining the rate of marketing return on the investment made by the company (West, Ford and Ibrahim 2015). It shows the actual success of the company on marketing activities. Best tools to measure success of marketing mix Two best approaches to measure the success of stakeholders marketing mix are as follows: Key Performance Indicators (KPI): In order to market a product or service KPI is required to be integrated within management and business of the organization to ensure reliability and consistency across the area of marketing mix (Kotler et al. 2015). For this reason they are required to meet certain requirements such as measuring the outcome of marketing from the view point of customer, meeting the technical and statistical requirement for all system of measurement, ell the marketing activities must be included and sometimes it has to be repetitive (McDONALD 2016). Return on Marketing Investment (ROMI): It is the contribution toward profit which is attributable toward marketing, divided by marketing investment. It is the net of investment in marketing. It is different from ROI since marketing is never same as investment. In ROI money is invested in plant and equipment whereas ROMI is marketing fund that is typically risked. It is measured during the current period only (etindamar, Phaal and Probert 2016). The main idea of ROMI is to determine the degree of marketing spending that contributes towards profit. Persons who are involved in marketing are under huge pressure to show return on activities they are involved in. Conclusion In short in can be concluded that for an event to be successful, depends upon its stakeholders only. Mainly on the primary stakeholders who are directly related to the event and without whose support and involvement it would have never been possible to organize the event. Festival Republic must focus on relationship building with its client to make the event a great success. They should target the event organiser and sponsor with whom they should develop a marketing mix because they the most important stake holders on whom the entire event is depended. To understand the concept of stakeholders have various models have been develop like five step customers loyalty model and power interest matrix to analyse the impact of these stakeholders on the event. References Ahmad, N.L., Rashid, W.E.W., Razak, N.A., Yusof, A.N.M. and Shah, N.S.M., 2013. Green Event Management and Initiatives for Sustainable Business Growth.International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance,4(5), p.331. Andersson, T.D., Getz, D. and Mykletun, R.J. eds., 2014.Festival and event management in Nordic countries. Routledge. Andersson, T.D., Getz, D. and Mykletun, R.J., 2013. Sustainable festival populations: An application of organizational ecology.Tourism Analysis,18(6), pp.621-634. Bachman, J.R., Norman, W.C., Hopkins, C.D. and Brookover, R.S., 2016. Examining the Role of Self-concept Theory on Motivation, Satisfaction, and Intent to Return of Music Festival Volunteers.Event Management,20(1), pp.41-52. Beech, J., Kaiser, S. and Kaspar, R., 2014.The Business of events management. Pearson Higher Ed. Bowen, J.T. and Chen McCain, S.L., 2015. Transitioning loyalty programs: A commentary on the relationship between customer loyalty and customer satisfaction.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,27(3), pp.415-430. etindamar, D., Phaal, R. and Probert, D., 2016.Technology management: activities and tools. Palgrave Macmillan. Christopher, M., Payne, A. and Ballantyne, D., 2013.Relationship marketing. Taylor Francis. Eid, R. and El-Gohary, H., 2013. The impact of E-marketing use on small business enterprises' marketing success.The Service Industries Journal,33(1), pp.31-50. Getz, D. and Page, S.J., 2016.Event studies: Theory, research and policy for planned events. Routledge. Hays, S., Page, S.J. and Buhalis, D., 2013. Social media as a destination marketing tool: its use by national tourism organisations.Current issues in Tourism,16(3), pp.211-239. Jones, M., 2014.Sustainable event management: A practical guide. Routledge. Kotler, P., Burton, S., Deans, K., Brown, L. and Armstrong, G., 2015.Marketing. Pearson Higher Education AU. Larson, M., Getz, D. and Pastras, P., 2015. The Legitimacy of Festivals and Their Stakeholders: Concepts and Propositions.Event Management,19(2), pp.159-174. LesiĆ¡, K.T., RuÃ…Â ¾iĆ¡, M.D. and PavloviĆ¡, D.K., 2015. IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF CULTURAL EVENT STAKEHOLDERS IN A TOURISM DESTINATION: CASE STUDY OF TeTa-TERAN AND TRUFFLE FESTIVAL. InCultural tourism and destination impacts. SveuÄ ilite Jurja Dobrile. Masterman, G., 2014.Strategic sports event management. Routledge. McDONALD, M.A.L.C.O.L.M., 2016. 5 Strategic marketing planning.The marketing book, p.86. Mokhtar, N.M., Said, A.R. and Saad, Z.A., 2014. Managing Event: Environmental Friendly Perspective. InProceedings of the International Conference on Science, Technology and Social Sciences (ICSTSS) 2012(pp. 63-68). Springer Singapore. Mykletun, R.J., 2014. Welcome to Advancements in Special Event Management Research and Practice.Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism,14(3), pp.189-191. Presenza, A. and Iocca, S., 2012. The weight of stakeholders on festival management. The case of music festivals in Italy.PasosRevista de Turismo y Patrimonio cultural,10(2), pp.25-35. Quinn, B., 2013.Key concepts in event management. Sage. Sharples, L. and Lyons, H., 2013. A learning organisational approach to the management of food festivals: A case study of the Ludlow marches food and drink festival.CAUTHE 2013: Tourism and Global Change: On the Edge of Something Big, p.753. Stadler, R., Fullagar, S. and Reid, S., 2014. The professionalization of festival organizations: a relational approach to knowledge management.Event Management,18(1), pp.39-52. Strauss, J., 2016.E-marketing. Routledge. Taylor, R. and Shanka, T., 2015. Analyzing A Taste of the ValleyFestival Success Factors: Exploratory Study. InProceedings of the 2002 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 9-14). Springer International Publishing. Van der Wagen, L. and White, L., 2014.Human Resource Management for the Event Industry(Vol. 12). Routledge. West, D., Ford, J. and Ibrahim, E., 2015.Strategic marketing: creating competitive advantage. Oxford University Press. Wilson, J., Arshed, N., Shaw, E. and Pret, T., 2016. Expanding the Domain of Festival Research: A Review and Research Agenda.International Journal of Management Reviews.